THE SPANISH CLIMATIC DIVERSITY AND THE THREAT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, WITH RISING TEMPERATURES AND OCCURRENCE OF WAVES OF HEAT AND COLD IN UNEXPECTED DATES, ARE A CONCERN FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR. THE IMPACT OF THESE CHANGES ON THE LARGE POPULATION OF SPANISH SHEEP AND GOATS, WHICH ARE PRODUCED UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND WITH DIFFERENT PURPOSES, IS UNKNOWN.THIS PROJECT PRIORITIZED THE STUDY OF BIO-CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON DAIRY SHEEP AND GOATS, CONSIDERING THAT THEY ARE ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT AND ESPECIALLY SENSITIVE TO THE EFFECTS OF EXTREME HEAT AND COLD. THE PROJECT FOLLOWS A LINE OF RESEARCH PREVIOUSLY INITIATED ON HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY GOATS, AND AIMS: TO ACCURATELY ASSESS THESE EFFECTS, TO DEVELOP SENSING DEVICES (SENSORS) AND TO PROVIDE TOOLS AND STRATEGIES FOR ITS PREVENTION AND ALLEVIATION FOR TECHNICIANS AND SHEEP AND GOAT DAIRY FARMERS. IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH THESE OBJECTIVES, A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM HAS BEEN FORMED, INCLUDING SPECIALISTS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION (PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION), FOOD TECHNOLOGY (MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS) AND MICROELECTRONICS (SENSORS AND NETWORKS). THIS RESEARCH GROUP WILL ADDRESS A TOTAL OF 8 EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES, DIVIDED INTO 2 AREAS OF RESEARCH (A, ANIMAL; B, SENSORS), AS FOLLOWS: A1) SEARCH FOR INDICATORS OF HEAT AND COLD STRESS IN SHEEP AND DAIRY GOATS, A2) EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SHEARING UNDER HEAT STRESS (SUMMER) AND COLD (WINTER) CONDITIONS IN MEAT AND DAIRY EWES; A3) ASSESSMENT OF THE EPIGENETIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY GOATS; A4) EVALUATION OF NEW FEEDING STRATEGIES (L- CARNITINE AND AMINO ACIDS) TO MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY GOATS; B1) DEVELOPING RADIO FREQUENCY (HIGH AND LOW) NETWORKS FOR CONNECTING INSTRUMENTATION NODES; B2) DEVELOPMENT OF RUMEN PH AND TEMPERATURE SENSORS FOR SHEEP AND GOATS; B3) DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION TO DETERMINE THE POSITION AND ACTIVITY OF SHEEP AND GOATS; B4) ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A POWER RECOVERY TO REPLACE THE BATTERY OF RUMINAL BOLUSES. THE PROJECT HAS A PLANNED DURATION OF 3 YEARS, AT THE END OF WHICH IS EXPECTED TO DELIVER: 1) PRECISE INDEXES FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON DAIRY SHEEP AND GOATS AT SHORT- (NUTRITIENT REQUIREMENTS, MILK YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION, MILK PROCESSING FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS) AND AT MID-TERM (IMMUNOLOGICAL LEVEL, EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE OFFSPRING), 2) EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT AND FEEDING STRATEGIES TO ALLEVIATE THE EFFECTS OF HEAT AND COLD STRESS IN DAIRY SHEEP AND GOATS, 3) NETWORK COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BY RADIOFREQUENCY TO DETECT THE INTERACTION OF ANIMALS (RUMINAL BOLUS) AND CLIMATE (WEATHER STATION), 4) PROTOTYPES OF RUMINAL BOLUSES WITH PH AND TEMPERATURE SENSORS (WITH BATTERY) FOR SHEEP AND GOATS, 5) INSTRUMENTATION PROTOTYPE TO EVALUATE THE POSITION AND ACTIVITY OF FREE SHEEP AND GOATS, AND 6) MINIATURIZED PROTOTYPE OF ENERGY HARVESTER FOR RUMINAL BOLUSES. AS A RESULT OF THIS PROJECT, WE EXPECT PRODUCING SEVERAL SCIENTIFIC PAPERS AND PATENTS, WHICH WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND SOCIETY, DISSEMINATING THE FINDINGS AMONG PROFESSIONALS AND FARMERS.