"MAPPING OF WEEDS IN CROPS IS AN AGRONOMICAL AND TECHNOLGICAL CHALLENGE DUE TO THE APPEARANCE AND SPECTRAL SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BOTH TYPES OF PLANTS (CROP AND WEEDS). THIS CHALLENGE IS ESPECIALLY HARD IN WINTER CEREALS, IN WHICH THE NARROW SPACE BETWEEN CROP LINES (USUALLY < 20 CM) COMPLICATES THE WEED-CROP DISCRIMINATION. WEED MAPPING GOAL SEEKS TO DETECT AND MAP WEED PATCHES TO DEVELOP SITE-SPECIFIC WEED CONTROL STRATEGIES WITH THE ULTIMATE AIM OF OPTIMIZING ANY CONTROL PRACTICE BY APPLYING IT ONLY TO THE WEED INFESTED AREAS. THIS LOOKS FOR THE IMPROVING OF CROP PRODUCTION AND INCREASING AGRO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS. THIS STRATEGY WAS ALREADY GATHERED IN SPECIFIC EUROPEAN COMMISSION POLICY SUCH AS REGULATION (EC) 1107/2009 FOR THE COMMERCIALISATION OF CROP PROTECTION PRODUCTS AND DIRECTIVE 2009128/EC FOR THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF PESTICIDES, WHICH WERE TRANSLATED TO SPAIN BY A R.D. 1311/2012 AND DEVELOPED IN THE SPAIN¿S NATIONAL ACTION PLAN. WEED DETECTION HAS GREATLY EVOLVED IN THE LAST 5 YEARS DUE TO THE AVAILABILITY OF HIGHLY ACCURATE AND ADAPTABLE SENSORS TO REMOTE PLATFORMS, HIGH-SPATIAL RESOLUTION REMOTE IMAGERY, AND HIGH COMPUTATIONAL STRENGTH OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE. BASED ON THEM, RESEARCH IN WEED DETECTION REQUIRES FLEXIBLE, PRECISE, EFFICIENT AND TIMELY TOOLS FOR DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE WEED CONTROL MEASURES FOLLOWING THE CURRENT REGULATIONS. NOWADAYS, THIS COULD BE OVERCOME BY USING THE NEW GENERATION OF REMOTE PLATFORMS KNOWN AS UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAVS), WHOSE ADVANTAGE IS MAINLY RELATED TO UAVS WORK ON DEMAND WITH GREAT FLEXIBILITY IN CRITICAL CROP MOMENTS ACCORDING TO EACH AGRONOMIC GOAL. RECENTLY, SPANISH GOVERNMENT HAS PUBLISHED THE REGULATIONS TO STANDARDIZE THE USE OF UAV (R.D. 8/2014). THE RESEARCH PROPOSED IN SUBPROJECT 3 (SP3) FOLLOWS THE RULES DEVELOPED BY UAV < 25 KG WEIGHT. THE OBJECTIVE OF SP3 IS TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE, CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS REQUIRED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS DEFINED IN THE WHOLE COORDINATED PROJECT. THIS PROJECT IS STRUCTURED AROUND TWO SCENARIOS: THE DRY-LAND CEREAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS PREVAILING IN CENTRAL SPAIN AND THE VINEYARD SYSTEMS MORE WIDELY USED IN THESE SAME AREAS WHICH IS BASED ON THE USE OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION. SPECIFIC SP3 OBJECTIVES WILL BE CARRIED OUT IN BOTH SCENARIOS BY DEVELOPING REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES BASED ON THE USE OF UAV EQUIPPED BY SENSORS WITH DIFFERENT SPECTRAL RANGE FOR WEED DETECTION AND FURTHER GENERATION OF WEED INFESTATION AND CORRESPONDING CONTROL MAPS USING OBJECT-BASED-IMAGE-ANALYSIS (OBIA). OBIA PROCEDURES CAN OVERCOME LIMITATIONS OF PIXEL-BASED METHODS BY ADDING NEW INFORMATION TO THE IMAGE ANALYSIS. THE VERY HIGH-SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF THIS IMAGERY WILL ALLOW DISCRIMINATING WEEDS AT BOTH, EARLY AND LATE PHENOLOGICAL STAGES. FINALLY, SP3 WILL ALSO USE UAV-IMAGERY FOR GENERATING A SET OF IMAGE ANALYSIS PROCEDURES TO IMPROVE THE DECISION MAKING AND PRODUCTIVITY IN VINEYARD BY MAPPING THE ARCHITECTURE AND VOLUME OF GRAPEVINES. IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE RESULTS OBTAINED IN SP3 TOGETHER TO THE OTHER SUBPROJECTS OF THE WHOLE COORDINATED PROJECT WILL CONTRIBUTE TO ADJUST THE CURRENT CROP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS TO THE REGULATIONS OF THE EU DIRECTIVE ON THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF PESTICIDES AND TO THE SPANISH NATIONAL ACTION PLAN. THE FULFILMENT OF THESE REQUIREMENTS WILL PRODUCE, IN THE LAST TERM, SAFER CROPS, MORE EFFICIENTLY AND WITH A LOWER IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT. "